Albrecht Dürer

(1471–1528)

German Renaissance 

Elevated woodcut from a craft to fine art.

He created illusion, texture, and value (shading) entirely through hatching (parallel lines) and cross-hatching (intersecting lines).

Dürer drew his famous rhinoceros without ever seeing a live rhino in person; he based it entirely on written descriptions and sketches sent by travelers.

Relief Printing. Whatever is carved away stays white; whatever remains raised catches ink and prints black.